18th May 1980 the Death of Ian Curtis

ic_manchester79_tjda_rehearsal1 “If somebody kills themselves, they have the last word.” – Deborah Curtis

Thirty-eight years ago today, Ian Curtis killed himself.

Tragic rock’n’roll deaths, and suicides especially, are such obvious breeding grounds for romanticised cults. We’ve mythologized Cobain and Curtis to such an extent that it is impossible to consider their music separately from the heavy reality of what happened next. We’ve morbidly, voyeuristically, pored over the hideous clues in Ian Curtis’s lyrics; our endless fascination at times resembling a highbrow version of Peaches Geldof’s death and the ensuing media & public hysteria (lest we forget the whole “Ian Curtis died for you” malarkey that a Google search now attributes to Paul Morley in the NME, but my own memory says it was Dave McCulloch in Sounds). Yet in our wallowing, we risk overlooking what is at the heart of these myths: they would not endure and we would not be so moved if the art was not worthy.

Ian Curtis was a great poet. His melancholic (as opposed to melodramatic) lyrics are fine and true enough to withstand isolated, black-and-white scrutiny. But, in the grand tradition of lyric poetry – which has always been an oral art – his words demanded vocalisation. And it was with an Artaud-like completeness that the sound and vision conceived by Joy Division provided the apocalyptically bleak foundation for the haunted poetry. The result was both mesmeric and metaphysical. It was a brand new sound and, although Martin Hannett’s distinctive production will forever betray its true age on the corporeal plane, those of us who bought Unknown Pleasures in 1979 knew without the benefit of tragedy-informed hindsight that we were experiencing something Eternal.

2008’s Joy Division documentary and the previous year’s biopic Control – based on Deborah Curtis’s book Touching From A Distance (which, I’m embarrassed to admit, I initially and rashly mocked but did a volte-face after I actually read it; it is most excellent) – did much to both debunk and propagate The Ian Curtis Myth. We learned that he was once a happy Bowie fan; an easy-going guy who liked to go to the pub, hang out with his mates and actually had a sense of humour. And, with a youthfully foolish lack of foresight, it had been his idea to get married (Control however falsely portrays a spontaneous suggestion from Ian to start a family even though Deborah admits in her book that this had been her wish). But while great effort is made to provide evidence that he was ‘normal’ (ie.  he did not emerge from the womb tortured), we also discovered the downright eerie story behind “She’s Lost Control” and Ian’s own subsequent and beyond coincidental epilepsy; the countless notebooks he kept from a very early age, spilling over with poetry and lyrics; the evolution of that dance; and, most intriguingly, the truth about his relationship with Annik Honore. Both films also help us better understand the cocktail of struggles that proved to be lethal: he might have been able to conquer his relationship traumas if his epilepsy had been properly medicated and had he lived in a time when mental health was better understood. As it was, the landscape of the early 1980s working-class north was in no way equipped to help a sombre poet whose relentless inner soundtrack was Throbbing Gristle’s “Weeping”.

On the evening of May 18th 1980, my friend Tim phoned to tell me that we would not in fact be going to see Joy Division in two days’ time at NYC’s Hurrah as we had been so eagerly anticipating. Four months later, along with my fellow RnR obsessive Patty, I would witness New Order’s first-ever US show (Maxwell’s, Hoboken, New Jersey; pre-Gillian, with the three JD survivors timidly, uncertainly, taking turns on lead vocals). We hung out with the guys for a while after the show. All perfectly nice and chatty, they were so unlike what I was expecting. But what on earth was I ‘expecting’? I was already completely in thrall to the Joy Division myth.

Tempting as it is to dismiss the cult of the Rock’n’Roll Suicide as nothing but an emo-like celebration of the macabre, the quixotic attraction is verily but an adjunct to that most time-honoured and archetypal artistic theme: death (the Romantics themselves would overly romanticise 17-year-old Thomas Chatterton). Ian Curtis ensured he would have the “last word” on his artistic legacy, for there really can be no separation from his final statement and the art (“Cold as the grave, has the infinity of a Gustave Doré hell” was Jon Savage’s appraisal of Joy Division’s music in his forward to Deborah Curtis’s book). Yet if we accept the idea of a ‘myth’ not as a falsehood but as a sacred narrative that can provide a broader insight into life, then the Ian Curtis/JD myth is justifiably compelling as evidence of humanity’s profound relationship to art and our artists, and our ability and/or need to be deeply touched, if only from a distance.

RIP Ian Curtis. Ian Curtis Forever.

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18th May 1955 the Death of Mary McLeod Bethune

Mary McLeod Bethune

In that grim 100-year period between the end of the American Civil War and the onset of the Civil Rights movement, the only thing more challenging than being an African American was the double whammy of being both black and female. Today we recall one of the great heroines of those dark days – the civil rights activist, educational pioneer, social visionary and “First Lady of the Struggle” – Mary McLeod Bethune.

The fifteenth of seventeen children of former slaves, Mary’s commitment to her cause would take her from the cotton fields of South Carolina all the way to the White House where she advised four different presidents on the African American crisis. Renowned for her cunning diplomacy, she forged useful alliances with influential whites – but, unlike many of her male contemporaries, she succeeded in doing so without ever compromising the principles of her cause. “If we accept and acquiesce in the face of discrimination,” she insisted, “we accept the responsibility ourselves and allow those responsible to salve their conscience by believing that they have our acceptance and concurrence.”

And while her black male counter-parts engaged in heated debates about accommodationist versus militant tactics, this 5’4” spitfire – who walked with a cane because it gave her “swank” – was quietly busy getting on with the task at hand. In 1904, after raising the necessary $1.50 capital by selling sandwiches to railroad workers, Mary opened the first school in Florida for black girls. Starting out with just five students, within forty years she guided the Literary and Industrial Training School for Negro Girls all the way to university status as the Bethune-Cookman College. But she didn’t stop there in her quest to emancipate her people. Mary went on to found a national organisation for the development of black youth. She risked lynching by the KKK to personally register the names of hundreds of black female voters. Almost single-handedly, she raised black women from their social and political invisibility to a viable presence in national affairs. Mary understood that education alone was the key to liberation from the oppressive social, economic and political shackles of White America. And, as Franklin D. Roosevelt’s special advisor in his so-called “Black Cabinet,” she succeeded where countless others had failed in securing substantial and much-needed cash injections for African American education and vocational training. In addition to her presidential advisory appointments, Mary served on the executive committees of several African American national organisations and founded the National Council of Negro Women.

For over four decades, she worked tirelessly, resolutely and fruitfully for the advancement of African Americans. So where is her name in the history books?

If remembered at all, the legacy of Mary McLeod Bethune – once considered “the most influential black woman in America” – has been relegated to that traditionally-acceptable female role of “great educator.” A memorial sculpture in Washington D.C. shows her not as the first black woman to serve as a Presidential appointee, but handing a book to children. There is no comprehensive Bethune biography; the introduction to a compendium of her writings suggests that she is too “multi-faceted” and defies “sociological categories and stereotypes” to render assessment.

“The Freedom Gates are half-ajar,” Mary declared not long before her death. “We must pry them fully open.” But just as her own legacy as a black female leader has been conspicuously misserved by the annals of history, today’s African American women continue to suffer from the same twin set of prejudices. They earn on average 85 cents for every dollar earned by a white woman, 87 cents for every dollar earned by a black man and 63 cents for every dollar earned by a white man. Despite carrying the burden of primary caretaker and breadwinner of nearly half of all black households with children, the unemployment rate for black women is nearly double that of white women.

Mary McLeod Bethune’s visionary agenda is unfinished. Sixty years after her death, it’s high time to pry those gates fully open.

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